Proslogion

Active material in the study of the Western European medieval city: traditions and modernity

Dmitrieva, M. I. Aktovyy material v issledovanii zapadnoevropeyskogo srednevekovogo goroda: Traditsii i sovremennost’ [Active material in the study of the Western European medieval city: Traditions and modernity], in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2018. Vol. 4 (2). P. 179–188.

Marina Igorevna Dmitrieva, doctor of History, associate professor, Institute of History, Saint-Peterburg State University (199034, Rossiya, Sankt-Petersburg, Mendeleevskaya liniya, 5)

Language: Russian

Monograph оf N. B. Sredinskaya «Ferrara of the 14th century in the reflection of the acts of the domestic archive of Sacrati» is a comprehensive study of one of the cities of Northern Italy on the basis of unpublished acts from the archives of Saint-Petersburg and Modena. The review notes the important role of the author in the study of the material from the collection of N. P. Likhachev, the relevance of the scientific approach. The review consistently reviewed all the sections of this fundamental research and made conclusions about its importance for modern medieval studies.

Key Words: Ferrara, acts of Sacrati, contracts of sale, handwritten sources, types of acts, documents

URL: http://proslogion.ru/42-dmitrieva/

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Spinne und Spinola. Das Bild Spaniens in der protestantischen Flugblattpublizistik während des Dreißigjährigen Krieges

Kuhlmann, Y. Spinne und Spinola. Das Bild Spaniens in der protestantischen Flugblattpublizistik während des Dreißigjährigen Krieges, in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2018. Vol. 4 (2). P. 158–178.

Yannika KuhlmannDepartment of History, Heidelberg University (69117, Germany, Heidelberg, Grabengasse 3–5; aud. 229)

Language: Deutsch

The Thirty Years War can be understood as the scene of a transnational field of conflict inwhich various parties and actors were involved. The Spanish line of the Habsburgs was one of these actors and it carried out various conflicts because of its overarching interest in power. Furthermore, the Thirty Years War is also referred to in research as the War of the Feathers, in which the warring parties dealt with political, denominational and social issues on a medial level. This article deals with the negative depiction of the Spanish monarchy during the early period of the Thirty Years War. It examines the continuity of pre-existing anti-Spanish stereotypes within the medium of the leaflet. First an introduction to the broader historical context, the role of the Spanish monarchy in the Thirty Years War, the medium of the leaflet with its characteristics as well as an explication of and some pre-existing anti-Spanish stereotypes is given. Against this backdrop two leaflets from 1621 are analyzed. The approach is limited to leaflets of German-speaking context and protestant authorship. On the first leaflet a key figure of the Thirty Years War, the military leader in services of the Spanish monarchy Ambrosius Spinola, is presented. The second leaflet shows a constellation of animal allegories. Finally, the adoption of already existing stereotypes, in a manner specific for leaflets, can be observed. This article wants to present how the political opponent was assimilated with stereotypical allocation and was presented to the readers as an enemy and responsible for the suffering during the war.

Key Words: Thirty Years War, stereotypes, Spanish monarchy, leaflets, Holy Roman Empire

URL: http://proslogion.ru/42-kuhlmann/

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The Thirty Years War or Interwaving of the conflicts?

Ivonin, Yu. E. Tridtsatiletnyaya voyna ili perepletenie konfliktov? [The Thirty Years War or Interwaving of the conflicts?], in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2018. Vol. 4 (2). P. 142–157.

Yury Evgenievich Ivonin, doctor of History, professor, Merited Scientist of Russia, Smolensk State University (214000, Rossiya, Smolensk, ulitsa Przheval’skogo, 4)

Language: Russian

The author reflects on the theme, what character the Thirty Years’ War had, the 400th Anniversary of which is taken place in 2018. He cites some definitions from the manual of the Middle Ages, «World History», the popular works of Russian authors and compares these with the number of definitions by foreign authors. He concludes that this war was simultaneously European, German and Religious war. As European war it consisted of separate little wars, which were the parts of one great all-European war in the consciousness of the contemporaries.

Key Words: Thirty Years’ War, Holy Roman Empire, Germany, Europe, religion, Emperor, princes

URL: http://proslogion.ru/42-ivonin/

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Reformation and the political interests of the Hungarian nobility in the first part of the 1520s

Gusarova, T. P. Reformatciya i politicheskie zaprosy vengerskogo dvoryanstva v pervoy polovine 1520-kh gg. [Reformation and the political interests of the Hungarian nobility in the first part of the 1520s], in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2018. Vol. 4 (2). P. 123–141.

Tatiana Pavlovna Gusarova, doctor of History, assistant professor, Medieval History Department, Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov (119234, Rossiya, Moskva, Lomonosovskiy prospekt, 27/4)

Language: Russian

The article studies the initial period of the Reformation in the Kingdom of Hungary (before the Battle of Mohács, 1526). Proceeding from the confessionalization paradigm, the author examines the correlation of the religious, political and social components in it. The research is based on the legislative material, i. e. the decisions of the Hungarian State assemblies of the first half of the 1520s, against the background of the most important events of the period. The author argues that, despite the penetration Lutheran ideas into the Kingdom, society didn’t yet have a clear understanding of their essence. In those years the persecutors of the heretics called all opponents of the Catholic Church «Lutherans», even if the persecuted were not familiar with the teaching of Luther. The quick reaction of the official authorities to the new doctrine, reflected in the decisions of the State Assemblies of 1523 and 1525, was caused rather by struggle within the political elite of the Kingdom, the confrontation between the so-called «Court» (pro-German) and «noble» («national») «parties», to be more exact. A part of the Hungarian magnates and noblemen behind them were concerned about the claims of the Austrian Habsburgs to the Hungarian throne and the growing influence of the Germans at the royal court, who not only supported the Austrian Habsburgs, but also openly sympathized with the ideas of Luther. They were afraid that they would lose their privileges, the participation in government, the influence on the monarch and the right to choose him. The opposition blamed of the «court» party led by the king and the highest dignitaries of the failure to defend the southern borders of the Kingdom against the Turks, who in 1521 captured Belgrade. Therefore, the National Assembly in 1523 and 1525 adopted strict laws against the Lutherans, by which they meant foreigners, and first of all, the Germans who took over the royal court, and demanded the expulsion of the latter and their place be taken by the Hungarians. Opposition threats were effective, and many foreigners (Germans) left the court and Hungary. However, this could neither prevent further distribution of the Hungarian political elite in different groups, which brought Mohács catastrophe closer, nor the eradication of Lutheranism, which, after 1526, overcame all the obstacles to its development.

Key Words: Reformation, State Assembly, Kingdom of Hungary in the 16–17th centuries, royal court, political elite, Luther, Jagiello dynasty, Werbőczy

URL: http://proslogion.ru/42-gusarova/

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Einige Episoden aus der Geschichte der Reformation in Württemberg und auf weißrussischen Territorien des Großfürstentums Litauen und später Polen-Litauen (Rzeczpospolita)

Keller, O. B. Einige Episoden aus der Geschichte der Reformation in Württemberg und auf weißrussischen Territorien des Großfürstentums Litauen und später Polen-Litauen (Rzeczpospolita), in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2018. Vol. 4 (2). P. 85–122.

Olga Borisovna Keller, doctor of History, associate professor at the Department of Medieval History, Faculty of Philosophy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen; associate professor at the Department of Modern and Contemporary Times, Faculty of History, Belarusian State University (72074, Deutschland, Tübingen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz)

Language: Deutsch

The Reformation was reflected in both the German Württemberg and the Belarusian lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later Poland-Lithuania (Rzeczpospolita). Here the flourishing of this wide social movement falls on the 16th century. First of all, the author of this article made an attempt to illuminate the Reformation and its origins on the Belarusian lands on, as well as to establish a possible relationship between the European figures of the Reformation of Württemberg and such located to the East of the region, as the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later later Poland-Lithuania (Rzeczpospolita). Besides, one should also mention the fact that the 16th century had played an important role in the Reformation as well as in developing book printing. The representatives of both Eastern and Central Europe were actively involved in the process. The very first book printer among the Eastern Slavs was Francis Skarina of Polotsk who published his first book 500 years ago in Prague. A few decades later, Primus Truber, a famous Slovenian Reformation activist, used Skarina’s fonts from the Prague printing house. A great number of Protestant editions was printed in the Slavic printing house in Bad Urakh, where Primus Truber was printing his books under the aegis of Baron Hans von Ungnad from 1559 to 1565. It should be noted that Nikolay the Black Radziwill, who was the Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, lords of the castle of Mir Il’iniči and other Lithuanian nobles patronized the activities of that printing house among with German and Polish princes.

Key Words: European Reformation, the origins of the Reformation, Hussites, Hieronymus of Prague, Francis Skarina, Abraham Kulva, Nikolay the Black Radziwill, Nikolay the Orphan Radziwill, Primus Truber, Baron Hans von Ungnad’s Slavic printing house.

URL: http://proslogion.ru/42-keller/

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On the methodological and genre peculiarities of the treatises of Claude de Seyssel

Kuleshova, E. V.
K voprosu o metodologicheskih i zhanrovykh osobennostyakh traktatov Kloda de Seysselya [On the methodological and genre peculiarities of the treatises of Claude de Seyssel], in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2018. Vol. 4 (2). P. 71–84.

Elena Vladimirovna Kuleshova, doctor of History, assistant professor, Institute of History, Saint-Peterburg State University (199034, Rossiya, Sankt-Peterburg, Mendeleevskaya liniya, 5)

Language: Russian

In this article the methodological and genre peculiarities of the treatises of Claude de Seyssel are studied. He tried to adapt the methodology of humanisctic historical inquiry, having joined it with the national French historical tradition, and thus attempted to make his contribution to the development of Western European humanisctic historiography in the context of political competition in Europe in the course of the Italian Wars. Arguing in his treatise against those who stood for the predominance of Venice in the military and political aspects, Claude de Seyssel sought to prove that the French monarchy was the model of the working social and political system that could be understood in the terms of humanistic concepts, and thus he contributed to the development of communication and mutual influence between humanistic Italian and French traditions of history-writing.

Key Words: Claude de Seyssel, historical and social and political thought, methodology, humanistic historiography, Italian Wars, Renaissance, Early Modern period

URL: http://proslogion.ru/42-kuleshova/

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Anselme de Lucques, la liturgie et le droit canonique de l’Église ancienne

Mitrofanov, A. Yu. Anselme de Lucques, la liturgie et le droit canonique de l’Église ancienne, in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2018. Vol. 4 (2). P. 50–70.

Andrey Yur’evich Mitrofanov, doctor of History, Art and Archeology of the Catholic University of Leuvain, professor, St. Petersburg Theological Academy (191167, Rossiya, Sankt-Petersburg, Obvodnyy kanal, 17)

Language: French

The article tells about the doctrine of Anselm of Lucca during the struggle for investment. Anselm was an ally of Pope Gregory VII, who fought for the right to invest against Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV. For the success of this struggle Anselm made a Collection of canons, in which he used numerous collections of canons of late antiquity and the early Middle Ages, for example, Quesnelliana, Avellana, Pseudoisidoriana. Monuments of the ancient Liturgy of the Roman Church also found their place in the collection and influenced the language of Anselm and its system of images. The doctrine of the papal theocracy, which was defended by Anselm, made inevitable the conflict of his teachings with Byzantine ecclesiology, the basic principles of which were formulated in the early 12th century by Princess Anna Komnene.

Key Words: Anselme de Lucques, La querelle des Investitures, Anna Komnene, Collection canonique, Nomocanon, la Quesnelliana, la Avellana

URL: http://proslogion.ru/42-mitrofanov/

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