Volume 3-1

From Grandson to Morat: The Burgundian court during the war

Nosova, E. I. Ot Gransona do Murtena: Burgundskiy dvor v usloviyakh voyny [From Grandson to Morat: The Burgundian court during the war], in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2017. Vol. 3 (1). P. 184–208.

Ekaterina Igorevna Nosova, doctor of History, research Fellow, Saint-Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences (197110, Rossiya, SanktPetersburg, Petrozavodsakaya ulitsa, 7)

Language: Russian

The Burgundian Court earned fame of one of the most luxurious and wellorganized courts of medieval Europe. But recent publications highlighted a number of dysfunctions of the Burgundian Court. This article continues this trend and analyzes the organization of the Burgundian Court during the Swiss campaign of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1476). The study is based on the month accounts from Archives départementales du Nord (B 3333, B 3377). Since reforms of 1474 the Burgundian Court turned into one of the units of the army, the campaign had not limited the numbers of the courtiers. A serious decrease was caused by the battle of Morat, in which 84 people were killed or seriously wounded. They receive salaries only until 21 June. Among them were not only archers, but also the officials who had no relation to military service. Supply of the court was interrupted for four days by the battle. As a whole, the war led to the limitation of consumption of goods normally reserved for nobility — sea fish and fruits. The assortment of wines became poor: sweet wine and hippocras disappeared from accounts. The stay near Lausanne can be considered as an exception, because it allowed to deliver wine and fruits from Dijon. These small details fill the gaps that left Philippe de Commine in his «Memoirs» and Olivier de La Marche in his famous «Estat de la Maison du duc Charles».

Key Words: Burgundian State (1363–1477), Charles the Bold (1467–1477), Burgundian Wars, Court Society, History of Everyday Life, battle of Grandson, battle of Morat

URL: http://proslogion.ru/31-nosova/

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The military policy of Emperor Constantius II in the Near East provinces of the Empire in 337–350: The organizational structure of the Roman–Persian border and the problem of recruiting

Мekhamadiev, Е. А. Voennaya politika imperatora Konstantsiya II v blizhnevostochnykh provintsiyakh imperii v 337–350 gg.: Organizatsionnaya struktura rimsko-persidskoy granitsy i problema rekrutskogo nabora [The military policy of Emperor Constantius II in the Near East provinces of the Empire in 337–350: The organizational structure of the Roman–Persian border and the problem of recruiting], in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2017. Vol. 3 (1). P. 159–183.

Еvgeniy Аleksandrovich Мekhamadiev, doctor of History, senior lecturer of Medieval History Department, Institute of History, St. Petersburg State University (199034, Rossiya, Sankt-Petersburg, Мendeleevskaya liniya, 5)

Language: Russian

The present paper is dedicated to the little-studied aspect of the 4th century late Roman military organization – to the system of fortresses and their garrisons in the provinces of Syria and Mesopotamia in 340s. It was the period strictly when the Roman empire waged an intensive war with the Persians for control over upper Tigris and Euphrates. The difficulty of the study of this period is caused by few evidence about the Romans’ fighting with the Persians within Mesopotamia that contain narrative sources, however, these gaps may be filled by epigraphic data from Syria and Arabia. The author uses the classical epigraphic material, that have been known since the early 20th century thanks to the catalogue of Princeton Archaeological Expedition in Syria, and also a new document, the inscription published by M. Sartre in 2007. Having compared epigraphic data and narrative sources, the author concludes that the defense system of Syria and Mesopotamia was formed as two-level deployment of troops – the frontier garrisons that occupied an external borders of provinces and field mobile armies that posted in internal lands. The frontier garrisons kept an enemy’s assault before coming of expeditionary forces that had to repulse an enemy. The author has demonstrated that garrisons of Syria and Mesopotamia were supplemented through mandatory hereditary military service, according to that the staff of garrisons obtained not only the sons of retired soldiers (veterans), but also the sons of soldiers who were at active service. The author summaries that the fixed line of fortresses allowed the Romans to keep control over Mesopotamia until 363 when they were forced to concede Mesopotamia to the Persians.

Key Words: late Roman Empire, Constantius II, Mesopotamia, fortresses, centurio, legion, vexillation, veterans, recruiting

URL: http://proslogion.ru/31-mekhamadiev/

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Englishmen in Russia of the 16th century: A study on the first period of the Russian–English contacts

Pitulko, G. N. Anglichane v Rossii XVI veka: opyt izucheniya pervonachal’nogo etapa russko-angliyskikh svyazey [Englishmen in Russia of the 16th century: A study on the first period of the Russian–English contacts], in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2017. Vol. 3 (1). P. 139–158.

Galina Nikolaevna Pitulko, doctor of History, docent, North-West Institute of Administration (199004, Rossiya,Sankt-Petersburg, Tuchkovpereulok, 7)

Language: Russian

The Article is devoted to the important academic topic of the Russian-English contacts of the 16th century. The author shows necessity of rereading traditional source data, taking into account tendencies of approach to the Russian-British diplomatic, trade and cultural relations of the 16th century in the Russian and British research. The author notes that the period should be seen as the heyday of absolutism and active foreign policy not only of England, but also of Russia, and relationships between countries weren’t confined by trade or political interests.
The author examines academic investigations on the topic and proofs that scientists were primarily interested in the questions of diplomacy and activity of the Muscovy Trading Company. However, scholars of the St. Petersburg historical school have pointed out the problem of the bilateral Russian-English relations basing on a wide range of textual sources belongs. Moreover, the source base is still possible to extend, using unique collections of major libraries and archives of Russia. And examination of new sources makes necessary to reinvestigate the whole range of traditional sources.
The author focuses on one of such unknown sources, the Russian Psalter D.123 from the collection of the Manuscript Department of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Arkhangelsk. Having analyzed the manuscript and its data, the author proofs its British origin.

Key Words: Muscovy Trading Company, Nikolo-Korelskiy monastery, Richard Chancellor, Anthony Jenkinson, Richard Hakluyt, Giles Fletcher, new manuscripts sources, Russian Psalter D.123

URL: http://proslogion.ru/31-pitulko/

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«Spiel zum Leser»: Specifics of the printed drama of the Reformation

Lurie, Z. A. «Spiel zum Leser»: Osobennosti pechatnoy dramaturgii perioda Reformatsii [«Spiel zum Leser»: Specifics of the printed drama of the Reformation], in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2017. Vol. 3 (1). P. 118–138.

Zinaida Andreevna Lurie, doctor of History, assistant lecturer, St. Petersburg State University (199034, Rossiya, Saknt-Petersburg, Мendeleevskaya liniya, 5)

Language: English

The article examines editions and reprints of the biblical dramas published between 1532 and 1550 and written by several early Protestant writers, Sixt Birck (c. 1501–1554), Paul Rebhun (1500/1505–1547) and Joachim Greff (c. 1500/1505– 1552), with the general amount of the reprints being 23. The author addresses these sources to investigate peculiarities of publishing and editorial policy that aimed to clarify dramatic texts to their readers. Besides, the author understands the first half of the 16th century as a transitional period in two respects: firstly, marking out the conflict of printed and oral cultures, and, secondly, signifying the transfer from the Christian to the confessional consciousness. The author concludes that the appearance of the first printed dramas was not independent from theatrical productions. However, the texts of Spiele were edited in a certain way and provided with annotations and accompanying texts that simplified for readers perception of a stage text. Even short introductory texts allowed readers to get an idea about the topic of drama and values of the author quite easily. Analyzing the content of the introductory parts, Z. A. Lurie’s demonstrated that they contained a reference to certain cultural formulas and intellectual authorities that should be regarded as confessional information in the non-confessional’ early Reformation period.

Key Words: Sixt Birk, Joachim Greff, Paul Rebhun, Judith, Susanna, theater, plays, Basel, Augsburg, Aristotle, Thomas Naogeorgus, productions, performances

URL: http://proslogion.ru/31-lurie/

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Ipsa Domina Agnes. On the historical basis of the myth of Inês de Castro

Valdaliso-Casanova, C. Ipsa Domina Agnes. On the historical basis of the myth of Inês de Castro, in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2017. Vol. 3 (1). P. 90–117.

Covadonga Valdaliso-Casanova, PhD in History, researcher at Centro de História da Sociedade e da Cultura (University of Coimbra) and at Centro de História (University of Lisbon) (Alameda da Universidade, 1600–214 Lisboa (Portugal))

Language: English

Although the myth or legend of Inês de Castro is based on historical facts, it has for centuries been a story where fiction and reality were blended. The life of the main character, Inês the Castro, is not documented. The narratives about her death, and the monumental tomb to where her mortal remains were transferred, are the main sources for researchers. There are also various testimonies about her marriage to Pedro, as well as about her sons and daughter. In parallel, still in the Middle Ages several narratives related to her were written, some of them in historiographical texts. This paper aims to singularize and analyze the historical elements of Inês’story. In doing so, it studies the sources that created the basis for the legend, thus revealing its origins. The story itself is observed as an object of study characterized by the intersections of different contexts, disciplines, narratives, and by the projections of diverse perspectives, objectives, periods.

Key Words: Portugal, 14th century, Inês de Castro, Pedro of Portugal, myth, legend, History, Literature, medieval chronicles

URL: http://proslogion.ru/31-valdasio/

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Sons and daughters sent abroad: Successes and failures of foreign princes at the French court in the Sixteenth Century

Spangler, J. Sons and Daughters Sent Abroad: Successes and Failures of Foreign Princes at the French Court in the Sixteenth Century, in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2017. Vol. 3 (1). P. 48–89.

Jonathan Spangler, Doctor of Philology (Oxon), Manchester Metropolitan University (All Saints, Manchester M15 6BH, United Kingdom)

Language: English

In the era of centralisation of the great powers in Europe, dynasties ruling smaller states on the margins between France, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire developed strategies for survival. One of these was to establish a presence at the courts of these larger states, by sending members of the ruling dynasty itself. This article looks in particular at the court of France, where such princely emissaries established lineages known to historians as the «foreign princes», the princes étrangers. The French monarchy desired the presence of these princes as well, for various political and ceremonial reasons. The successes and failures of the foreign princes sent to the French court can be measured at the individual level and the wider dynastic level, and are examined by scrutinising activities of secular princes (male and female) as well as prelates. The results are varied, and depended on a variety of ever-shifting factors, notably the establishment of kinship ties with the royal dynasty, a solid independent financial base, and individual character. By the end of the period, some smaller states had survived; others had not.

Key Words: Foreign princes, diplomacy, sovereignty, dynasticism, France, Lorraine, Savoy, Cleves, Mantua

URL: http://proslogion.ru/31-spangler/

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The 17th century diaries of the State Assemblies of Hungary and their authors

Gusarova, T. P Dnevniki vengerskikh gosudarstvennykh sobraniy XVII v. i ikh avtory [The 17th century diaries of the State Assemblies of Hungary and their authors], in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2017. Vol. 3 (1). P. 27–47.

Tatiana Pavlovna Gusarova, doctor of History, assistant professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University (119234, Rossiya, Moskva, Lomonosovskiy prospekt 27/4)

Language: Russian

The paper deals with the diaries of the Hungarian State Assemblies written in the 17th century. This special group of historical sources, related to the political history of the Hungarian Kingdom, opens a wide field for research. Historians have analyzed diaries, but not regularly. The Diaries of the State Assemblies went into practice in the Kingdom of Hungary in the 17th century. The Diaries may provide information about the most important events that happened at those estate forums as well as about social background and relations between the central power, the Habsburg dynasty, and the Hungarian estates. Besides, the reports on activity of the State Assemblies the Diaries inform us about the everyday life of the royal Court, the daily routine of the Assembly participants, guests’ visits and the city which accommodated them, as well as about the expenses and other difficulties connected with the event. The special value of the Diaries lies in the fact that their composition was not officially regulated. Their authors were active participants of the State Assemblies and moreover deputies of the nobility and representatives of the cities. The Diaries reveal personalities of their authors, although they rarely allow to reconstruct their lives or any important landmarks in their political careers, in the activity of the State Assemblies. The paper focuses on the analysis of this group of sources and their peculiarities and demonstrates,
how they reflect reality and present their authors.

Key Words: Diary as a source, State Assembly, Kingdom of Hungary in the 17th century, history of collection

URL: http://proslogion.ru/31-gusarova/

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