Proslogion

Rusakovskiy, O. V. «Issohli kosti nashi, i pogibla nadezhda nasha»: lokal’noe samosoznanie i obraz istorii vjurtembergskogo bjurgerstva jepohi Tridcatiletnej vojny [«Our bones have dried up, and our hope has perished»: local self-awareness and the image of the history of the Württemberg burgherism of the Thirty Years War], in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2019. Vol. 5 (2). P. 82–110.

Oleg Rusakovskiy, PhD, research fellow, National Research University Higher School of Economics (Pokrovskii bul’var 11, Moscow, Russia, 109028)
ruso0504@gmail.com

Language: Russian

The article deals with the perception of the Thirty Years war by the population and the political elite of the district town Bietigheim in the duchy of Wurttemberg. Based on the Bietigheim chronicles and supplementary documents, the author analyzes the townsmen’s ideas on the beginning and the end of the war, social-political and moral-religious meaning of its causes and consequences. The perception of the war is studied in the context of historical culture of the Wurttemberg urban commune and its ideas about itself. The author suggests that the local community was a key element of the self-identity of Bietigheim’s citizens whereas larger political bodies such as the Holy Roman Empire or Germany were less important. Seemingly, the confession had a lesser influence on the war experiences in the local perspective. At the same time, some religious and moral ideas were decisively important to perceive the war as God’s punishment for collective and individual sins. The developments during the Thirty Years’ war are under analysis in context of the massive elite change and its reflection in the town chronicles. The author comes to conclusion concerning the preservation of the older social-political and ethical patterns as the main goal of the greater part of the citizenship and its elite which was reflected in the local historical narrative and specific patterns of memorialization.

Key Words: The Thirty Years’ war, 17th-century Germany, Wurttemberg, town chronicles, historical culture, Lutheranism

URL: http://proslogion.ru/52-rusakovskiy/

Pražáková, K. Die Nachrichtenmedien des 16. Jahrhunderts und das Bild von Russland im Königreich Böhmen, in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2019. Vol. 5 (2). P. 30–57.

Kateřina Pražáková, PhD in history, researcher, Historical Institute of the Philosophical faculty, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice] (370 05, Tschechien, České Budějovice, Branišovská 31A)
prazakova@ff.jcu.cz

Language: Russian

The study focuses on the development of reporting in Early Modern Europe. In the Kingdom of Bohemia the first news media, reporting letters and handwritten newspapers, occurred in the middle of the 15th century. Their reliability was appreciated much, but they were quite expensive. Therefore, just members of royal families, courtiers and other powerful noblemen could afford to order them initially. In the middle of the 16th century the situation started to change and also other social groups like rich trades, craftsmen or clergymen or scholars started to buy or borrow the handwritten newspapers. They were also ordered by some town councils and stored in the town halls.

Usually, handwritten newspapers were headed by the place and date of origin of the news. On the other hand, they nearly never contained a signature of the author. Their authors and copyists announced their names only to the customer. They feared the wrath of some powerful people, since they often revealed very detailed data in their newspapers, such as the number of soldiers involved in a military campaign.

Printed newspapers and leaflets also originated in the 15th century like the handwritten ones. Their advantage was that the printers were able to make more copies of them at once, so they could sell them for a lower price. Therefore, the printed newspapers and leaflets could be purchased also by lower nobility, merchants and common craftsmen. On the other hand, till the middle of the 17th century the printed media were disadvantaged by the slowness of the printing process. The printed newspapers and leaflets were often issued, when the news had been already known. To increase the attractiveness of the printed newspapers in this situation their authors concentrated on detailed descriptions of the events and they also took the advantage of dramatic illustrations. This definitely supported the success of the printed newspaper in the society, but at the same time led to the strengthening of the propaganda side. Printed media were usually much more tendentious than handwritten newspapers.

The first news on events in Russia occurred in the reporting of the Kingdom of Bohemia at the beginning of the 16th century. Czech nobles cared about the conflicts between Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia in the first decades of the 16th century a lot, since at that time the Kingdom of Bohemia was ruled by the members of Jagellonian dynasty. When Ferdinand I. of Habsburg became the king of Bohemia, the interest in Russian affairs declined. It raised again in 1560ies in connection with the Livonian wars. Till the beginning of 1570ies the majority of reporting media described Russians as brutal raiders. Especially printed leaflets depicted cruel actions of the tsar Ivan IV and several of them gained much attention. However, the negative image of Russia in the reporting media of the Habsburg monarchy started to change partly after the death of Sigismund II Augustus. During the elections of Polish kings and in the first years of the reign of Stephen Báthory the Habsburgs were seriously considering possibilities of cooperation with Ivan IV. Therefore, they supported a more favourable image of the czar in the reporting. However, when the power situation in Poland changed again at the end of 1580ies by the reign of Sigismund III Vasa and the Habsburgs’ interest in cooperating with Russia declined, the image of Russians in the news deteriorated again.

Key Words: Handwritten newspapers, leaflets, image of Russia, Livonian war, Ivan IV, Habsburg-Russian relations, propaganda

URL: http://proslogion.ru/52-prazakova/

Piontkovsky, A. V. Heresy and religious consciousness through the prism of one human being. New biography of Peter Zwicker: Välimäki R. Heresy in Late Medieval Germany: The Inquisitor Petrus Zwicker and the Waldensians (Woodbridge, 2019), in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2019. Vol. 5 (2). P. 139–156.

Andrei Valerievich Piontkovsky, graduate student, Institute of History, Saint-Petersburg State University (199034, Rossiya, Sankt-Peterburg, Мendeleevskaya liniya, 5)
Kalter160993@yandex.ru

Language: Russian

This review is devoted to consideration of the key derivations, which was reached by Finnish medievalist Reima Välimäki in his recent monograph. Through scrutinized analysis of the text, the author persuasively proves that the treatises Cum dormirent homines and Refutatio errorum belong to pen of Peter Zwicker. Furthermore, the contemporaries recognized of these as the one unit. The researcher also regards the impact, which the Zwicker’s treatises had to the inquisition inquest process, noticing the transition from the investigation of the organization of heretics’ communities to the enquiry of the doctrinal fallacies of the ones. This process was directly related with the prominence of the treatises of Peter Zwicker. The value of Zwicker’s works is considerable, since they mirrored the overall context of the religion outlook of Europe in the period of the Great Western Schism, which characterized by the much more eagerness of the educated laymen to insight of the catholic doctrines.

Key Words: Heresy, Waldenses, Great Western Schism, itinerant inquisitors, Peter Zwicker

URL: http://proslogion.ru/52-piontkovskiy/

Green, M.Aspekty privatnosti v korrespondentsii Grand Tura (1701–1703), predprinyatogo Genrikhom Bentinkom, vikontom Vudstokskim, vmeste so svoim guvernerom Polem Rapan-Tuayra [Aspects of privacy in the Grand Tour Correspondence (1701–1703) undertaken by Henry Bentinck, Viscount Woodstock, along with his tutor Paul Rapin-Thoyras], in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2019. Vol. 5 (2). P. 111–130.

Michaël Green, PhD, Cultural History of Christianity- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Privacy Studies, University of Copenhagen (DK-2300, København S, Karen Blixens Plads 16)
mgr@teol.ku.dk

Language: Russian

The Grand Tour undertaken between 1701–1703 by Paul Rapin-Thoyras and his pupil Henry Bentinck, Viscount Woodstock, the son of the prominent Anglo-Dutch politician Hans Willem Bentinck is an interesting case for exploration because during the whole journey, both parties sent letters to the father. These letters were dedicated to the description of the daily life and customs of the cities visited, and personal relationship between the father, the son and the tutor. The aim of this article is to analyse various notions of privacy as can be seen in the letters themselves as well as in the particular selection of letters that have been copied at a later stage into a letter-book, now kept at the British Library.

Key Words: Grand Tour, travel, education, privacy, correspondence

URL: http://proslogion.ru/52-green/

Dmitrieva, M. I., Kuleshova, E. V.Obzor vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii «Kurbatovskie tcheniya XXXIX» [Account of the Russian scientific conference «Readings after Kurbatov XXXIX»], in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2019. Vol. 5 (2). P. 202–217.

Marina Igorevna Dmitrieva, doctor of History, associate professor, Institute of History, Saint-Peterburg State University (199034, Rossiya, Sankt-Petersburg, Mendeleevskaya liniya, 5)
m.dmitrieva@spbu.ru

Yelena Vladimirovna Kuleshova, PhD in History, assistant professor of medieval history, Institute of History, St. Petersburg State University (199034, Rossiya, Sankt-Peterburg, Mendeleevskaya linia, dom 5)
kuleshova27@gmail.com

Language: Russian

URL: http://proslogion.ru/52-dmitrieva/

Bobicescu, C. A.Preliminary considerations on the negotiation between Jan Potocki and Sigismund III in 1601–1602. A standpoint in the debate regarding Jan Zamoyski’s affinity and multiple fidelities, in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2019. Vol. 5 (2). P. 58–81.

Cristian Antim Bobicescu, PhD student, Doctoral School of the Romanian Academy, Nicolae Iorga Institute of History, Bucharest (10565, Romania, Bucuresti, Bulevardul aviatorilor 1)
cbobicescu@yahoo.com

Language: Russian

The article tries to shed a new light on the problem of surviving of the affinity of the Great Chancellor and Hatman of the Crown Jan Zamoyski during the last part of his life, which also corresponds to the conflict between him and the Polish-Lithuanian monarch Sigismund III. We have chosen as a case study the Potocki family, which in Polish historiography occupies a central place in this debate. The analysis of the correspondence between Jan Potocki – the eldest of the four brothers — and King Sigismund III during 1601–1602 highlights a communicative substrate that underline Jan Potocki’s desire to establish a personal connection/bond with the Polish monarch. The result of this semi-clandestine correspondence is the reward of two of the four brothers by the king, and the appearance of a double fidelity, the one owed to the Polish-Lithuanian monarch doubling the one due to Zamoyski. The factors that facilitated the orientation of the four brothers to the monarch were, their dissatisfaction with the prizes they had obtained so far due to Zamoyski, his advanced age and the king’s youth, as well as the loss of the Swedish throne by Sigismund in 1599, which thus, in the eyes of the Polish-Lithuanian nobility, made him a more secure partner with whom they could negotiate their careers, wealth and prestige. Taking this into consideration, their intention to initiate a liaison with Sigismund IIIrd, is significant for the debate of Polish historiography on the survival or the crisis of Zamoyski’s entourage.

Key Words: Affinity, Sigismund III, Jan Potocki, Jan Zamoyski, cour virtuelle, multiple fidelities

URL: http://proslogion.ru/52-bobicesku/