Religion und Gesellschaft in deutschen Landen im 15. und frühen 16. Jahrhundert. Mentalität und Bewusstseinshorizont

Buchholz, W. Religion und Gesellschaft in deutschen Landen im 15. und frühen 16. Jahrhundert. Mentalität und Bewusstseinshorizont, in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture. 2017. Vol. 3(2). P. 5174.

Werner Buchholz, д. и. н., профессор, университет Грайфсвальда (17489, Germany, Greifswald, Domstraße 11)

Language: Deutsch

The parish, the pilgrimage and atonement were the three pillars of late medieval religious practice. The parish took care of the faithful in their everyday lives, which were inextricably linked their work on the land. During pilgrimages, the parish made sure that pilgrims fulfilled the necessary conditions. Atonement had two main aims: on the one hand, acts of atonement, amongst which a pilgrimage was considered to carry significant weight, were intended to ensure salvation for a person who suffered a sudden death, unprepared for the hereafter, and on the other hand atonement was intended to provide material security for the murdered person’s family. A murderer who killed a father and breadwinner, for example, had to replace what he had taken from a family. All three phenomena were strongly influenced by the veneration of saints. With the Reformation a fundamental change occurred here. The veneration of saints was abolished and with it the pilgrimage and the practice of atonement also disappeared. The relationship of the pastor with the woman in his household was legalized; she became the pastor’s honored wife. The pastor and his family were given the task of serving as a model and ideal example of Protestant family life.The veneration of saints ceased. With that pilgrimages and atonement also came to an end.

Key Words: parish, pilgrimage, atonement, saints, death, conditions, household, Reformation

URL: http://proslogion.ru/32-buchholz/

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«As the Parish so the Priest»: Parishes of the late medieval England

Leonova, T. A.
«As the Parish so the Priest»: Prikhod pozdnesrednevekovoy Anglii [«As the Parish so the Priest»: Parishes of the Late Medieval England], in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture. 2017. Vol. 3 (2). P. 125149.

Tatiana Alekseevna Leonova, PhD in History, assistant professor, M. Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University (450000, Rossiya, Ufa, ulitsa Oktyabr’skoy Revolyutsii, 3A)

Language: Russian

Modern researches of the parish system note as a general trend strengthening the control of the laity on the Catholic parishes in the pre-Reformation Western Europe. The article examines problems of interaction and mutual influence of the clergy and laity of the parish communities of late medieval England basing on materials of the Episcopal registers and visitations. The paper highlights two aspects in solving the problem. Firstly, it is the influence of the opinions and actions of the laity on the status of parish clergy. Secondly, the degree of financial responsibility of the laity and clergy in the frame of so-called separated property is studied. The examined documents of the Episcopal registers and visitations indicate not only the presence of desire of the laity to get rid of his priest, but also various methods which could have benefited active leaders of the parishes. The statement in the Church from the 13th century financial responsibility of the laity led to changes in the parish community whose members had access to the resources of the Church by limiting the authority of her pastors.

Key Words: Late medieval church, episcopal registers, visitations, parish, laity, local community, parishioners, communal traditions, church-warden

URL: http://proslogion.ru/32-leonova/

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