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Mazhuga, V. I.
On the glosses of the 12th and early 13th centuries to a paragraph of Justinian’s Digest and their authors, in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2024. Vol. 7 (2). P. 98–115.

Vladimir Ivanovich Mazhuga, Candidate of Sciences (in History), Senior Research Fellow, Saint Petersburg Institute of History, Russian Academy of Sciences, (Russia, 197110, 7 Petrozavodskaya str.)

vladimirmazhuga@gmail.com

Language: Russian

The article analyzes the characteristic divergences in the glosses to the paragraph of the Digest of Emperor Justinian D.34.5.13.3. These divergences allow us to trace the history of how the original gloss of the jurist Rogerius caused a long and vivid discussion about a possible conjecture in the text of the paragraph. A particular place in this discussion belongs to a special treatise by Iohannes Bassianus, which was previously studied and published by Vincenzo Colli. Along with Rogerius’s first person gloss, manuscripts have preserved a gloss attributed to him, which contains an independent exposition of Rogerius’s gloss in the third person. Arguments are made in favor of the authorship of Placentin, Rogerius’s successor in the law school of Provence, in relation to this gloss. This example lets one to suppose a possible confusion of the authorship of Rogerius and Placentinus in relation to other glosses. The content of the second gloss caused the most heated debate among Bassian’s students. Variants of this gloss allow us to trace the course of the dispute and at the same time provide material for clarifying the dating of manuscripts containing both glosses. The article uses the results of the study of six manuscripts of the late 12th century and the beginning of the 13th century basing on their digital copies and microfilms.

Keywords: Glosses, Bologna jurists, Rogerius’s Authorship, Ioannes Bassianus and his circle.

URL: http://proslogion.ru/72-mazhuga/

10.24412/2500-0926-2024-72-98-115

Kholod, M. M.
Cyrus the Great in the Chronicle of John of Nikiu, in: Proslo gion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture. 2024. Vol. 8 (1). P. 78–97.

Maxim Mikhailovich Kholod, PhD in History, Associate Professor, St. Peters burg State University (Mendeleevskaya liniya 5, St. Petersburg, Russia, 199034)

m.holod@spbu.ru

Language: Russian

The article analyzes one of the stories given in the Chronicle of John of Nikiu (late 7th century AD), namely that of the Persian king Cyrus the Great (558–530 BC). The author of the article shows that when composing this story, the chronicler relied almost entirely on the corresponding passage from the work of John Malalas (6th century AD). Only in connection with one place in John of Nikiu’s text, it can be reasonably argued that he, in order to clarify the information given by Malalas, drew evidence from some other work. The main thing that differentiated the text of John of Nikiu from Malalas’ account of Cyrus is the result of the latter’s reduction. It is obvious that John of Nikiu kept only what he considered particularly important — the storyline around Cyrus’ decision to return the Jews to their homeland from the Babylonian captivity.

Keywords: John of Nikiu, Cyrus the Great, Achaemenids, Croesus, Daniel the Prophet, Persian Empire

URL: http://proslogion.ru/72-kholod/

10.24412/2500-0926-2024-72-78-97

Revyakina, N. V.
The Fate of Anthropocentrism in Italian Renaissance Human ism, in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2024. Vol. 7(2). P. 116–134.

Revyakina Nina Victorovna, Doctor of Historical sciences, Professor, Contract researcher at the Scientific and Educational Center for the Integration of Science and Education, Ivanovo state university (153025, Russia, Ivanovo, 39 Ermak str.)

rev85@mail.ru

Language: Russian

The article attempts to study the fate of anthropocentrism in Italian Renaissance humanism through the topic of animals. In comparing them with man, humanists f ind a good argument to prove the superiority of man. The humanist evaluation of animals, the changes in this evaluation and their impact on the understanding of man are examined. The object of study was also the use of animal images in the poem by N. Machiavelli and the treatise by G. Gelli, where the animals themselves judge man. This approach is evaluated and its influence on anthropocentrism is shown.

Keywords: Humanism, anthropocentrism, nature, animals, reason, moral proper
ties, role model, criticism of man

URL: http://proslogion.ru/72-revyakina/

10.24412/2500-0926-2024-72-116-134

Μorozov, M. A.
Testament-Typicon of Michael Attaliates 1077 (for the foundations he founded in Redesto and Constantinople), in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social-History and Culture, 2024. Vol. 7(2). P. 152–242.

Maxim Аnatoljevich Мorozov, Doctor of History, Senior Librarian of the Gogol’s Scientific Library, Saint Petersburg State University (199034, Russia, Saint Peterburg, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9)

m.morosov@spbu.ru

Language: Russian

Here is a translation with commentary of the Typikon (which is also the Testament) for the religious foundation founded by the Byzantine official Michael Attaliates. Based on the traditions of the protectorate, which underlay the law of patronage, as well as the conditionally institutional self-government, the Typicon of Michael Attaliat is an extremely valuable source. It records the characteristic features and principles of management of traditional private religious institutions of the second half of the 11th century.

Keywords: Michael Attaleiates, ktitorian typikon, private religious foundation, household, protectorate

URL: http://proslogion.ru/72-morozov/

10.24412/2500-0926-2024-72-152-242

Kalchenko, E. S.
The Council of Chalcedon and the Events of Church His tory in the Second Half of the 5th Century in Chapters 87–88 of the Chronicle of John of Nikiu, in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2024. Vol. 7 (2). P. 63–77.

Evgenia Sergeevna Kalchenko, Research Assistant, Institute of History, Saint Petersburg State University (199034, Russia, Saint Petersburg, Mendeleevskaya liniya, 5); Junior Researcher, the State Hermitage Museum (190000, Russia, Saint Petersburg, Dvortsovaya emb., 34)

evg.kalchenko@mail.ru

Language: Russian

The Chronicle of John, bishop of Nikiu, is one of the few extensive sources of the early medieval period devoted largely to the history and culture of Egypt and com posed by an Egyptian author. A significant part of the narrative includes the themes related to the problems of theology and the history of the Christian Church. In par ticular, an important milestone in the history of Christianity in Egypt was connected with the Fourth Ecumenical Council convened in autumn, 451 in Chalcedon. This event and its results aggravated the ecclesiastical schism on the question of Christol ogy and eventually put the Сhurch of Egypt, at least the major part of it, in opposition to Constantinople. Subsequently, there appeared Coptic texts with anti-Chalcedonian polemics reflected in the Chronicle of John of Nikiu as well.
In this article the author analyses how John, a supporter of the Miaphysite doc trine, narrates about the Council of Chalcedon and the following events of Church history in the second half of the 5th century described in chapters 87–88. A number of episodes are compared with the evidence from the works of other historians, mainly Evagrius Scholasticus and (Pseudo-)Zachariah Rhetor, on the basis of which one can deduce how the Egyptian author presented his narrative. A significant part deals with Timothy II Aelurus, the patriarch of Alexandria, well-known for his anti-Chalcedo nian position. Some facts and details connected with his personality and not only appear in a similar way in the Chronicle of John and in the text by (Pseudo-)Zacha riah Rhetor. Thus, it is not improbable that the Egyptian bishop could have relied on the work of the latter who was close to him in spirit and theological convictions.

Keywords: John of Nikiu, the Council of Chalcedon, Miaphysitism, anti-Chalce donian polemics, Timothy Aelurus, Coptic Church, Christianity in Egypt

URL: http://proslogion.ru/72-kalchenko/

10.24412/2500-0926-2024-72-63-77

Dorofeeva, G. V., Serova, N. A.
M. A. Gukovsky: Librarian and Bibliophile, in: Proslogion: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Social History and Culture, 2024. Vol. 7 (2). P. 7–48.

Galina Viktorovna Dorofeeva, Senior Researcher in the Rare books and manuscripts’ sector of the Scientific Library, State Hermitage Museum (190000, Russia, Saint Petersburg, 34 Palace Embankment)

dorofeeva-library@hermitage.ru

Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Serova, Chief Librarian, State Hermitage Museum (190000, Russia, Saint Petersburg, 34 Palace Embankment)

serova@hermitage.ru

Language: Russian

The article is devoted to Matvei Aleksandrovich Gukovsky (1898–1971), a well known Leningrad scholar and specialist in the history and art of the Renaissance. For 25 years, he was an employee of the Hermitage, serving successively as a Senior Researcher in the Department of the History of Western European Art, Chief Curator of the museum, Deputy Director for scientific and educational work, and from December 1, 1959, to February 1, 1969, he served as the Head of the Hermitage library. At the end of 2009, the museum received the first part of personal library of Gukovsky, among which there were 1 manuscript and 159 Western European editions from the 15th to the 20th centuries. These books were likely selected by Matvei Aleksandrovich himself and kept separately, on a dedicated shelf. Over the next two years, S. I. Braude donated another 1,233 books to the Hermitage: 199 of them were purchased (or received as gifts) by A. S. Kantor-Gukovsky, and the rest were collected by Matvei Aleksandrovich. The collection of books works by ancient and Neo-Latin authors, classics of Italian literature, the most important works of historians, literary critics, art historians in editions (and reprints) from the 15th to the 20th centuries. This list encompasses the thematic sections of the library, which he amassed throughout his life and which, without exaggeration, can be called the best personal scientific library on the history of the Italian Renaissance in St. Petersburg during those years.

Keywords: Gukovsky, M. A., Hermitage, library, private libraries, book collection

URL: http://proslogion.ru/72-dorofeeva/

10.24412/2500-0926-2024-72-7-48